Solve the Sudoku Java

PROGRAM TO SOLVE SUDOKU



class GFG
{
    public static boolean isSafe(int[][] board,
                                 int row, int col,
                                 int num)
    {
        // Row has the unique (row-clash)
        for (int d = 0; d < board.length; d++)
        {
             
            // Check if the number we are trying to
            // place is already present in
            // that row, return false;
            if (board[row][d] == num) {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        // Column has the unique numbers (column-clash)
        for (int r = 0; r < board.length; r++)
        {
             
            // Check if the number
            // we are trying to
            // place is already present in
            // that column, return false;
            if (board[r][col] == num)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        // Corresponding square has
        // unique number (box-clash)
        int sqrt = (int)Math.sqrt(board.length);
        int boxRowStart = row - row % sqrt;
        int boxColStart = col - col % sqrt;
 
        for (int r = boxRowStart;
             r < boxRowStart + sqrt; r++)
        {
            for (int d = boxColStart;
                 d < boxColStart + sqrt; d++)
            {
                if (board[r][d] == num)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
 
        // if there is no clash, it's safe
        return true;
    }
 
    public static boolean solveSudoku(
        int[][] board, int n)
    {
        int row = -1;
        int col = -1;
        boolean isEmpty = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
                if (board[i][j] == 0)
                {
                    row = i;
                    col = j;
 
                    // We still have some remaining
                    // missing values in Sudoku
                    isEmpty = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!isEmpty) {
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // No empty space left
        if (isEmpty)
        {
            return true;
        }
 
        // Else for each-row backtrack
        for (int num = 1; num <= n; num++)
        {
            if (isSafe(board, row, col, num))
            {
                board[row][col] = num;
                if (solveSudoku(board, n))
                {
                    // print(board, n);
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    // replace it
                    board[row][col] = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
 
    public static void print(
        int[][] board, int N)
    {
         
        // We got the answer, just print it
        for (int r = 0; r < N; r++)
        {
            for (int d = 0; d < N; d++)
            {
                System.out.print(board[r][d]);
                System.out.print(" ");
            }
            System.out.print("\n");
 
            if ((r + 1) % (int)Math.sqrt(N) == 0)
            {
                System.out.print("");
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
 
        int[][] board = new int[][] {
            { 3, 0, 6, 5, 0, 8, 4, 0, 0 },
            { 5, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
            { 0, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1 },
            { 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 8, 0 },
            { 9, 0, 0, 8, 6, 3, 0, 0, 5 },
            { 0, 5, 0, 0, 9, 0, 6, 0, 0 },
            { 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 5, 0 },
            { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 4 },
            { 0, 0, 5, 2, 0, 6, 3, 0, 0 }
        };
        int N = board.length;
 
        if (solveSudoku(board, N))
        {
            // print solution
            print(board, N);
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("No solution");
        }
    }
}


OUTPUT:
3 1 6 5 7 8 4 9 2 
5 2 9 1 3 4 7 6 8 
4 8 7 6 2 9 5 3 1 
2 6 3 4 1 5 9 8 7 
9 7 4 8 6 3 1 2 5 
8 5 1 7 9 2 6 4 3 
1 3 8 9 4 7 2 5 6 
6 9 2 3 5 1 8 7 4 
7 4 5 2 8 6 3 1 9

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